For prompt position changes to verbal commands, you should give your dog extra reinforcement. Phase out the use of food rewards, so that you only give food treats for their best performances.
If you want to teach your dog to heel nicely, it’s best to start by luring your puppy to heel off leash. Then you won’t be tempted to use your leash for physical control, and when you do introduce the leash, you won’t end up with a puller.
If your reprimand isn’t changing their behavior, then repeating it will only desensitize them. An abrupt and startling reprimand is the most effective. If you do take hold of the dog, be sure to hold them until you can praise them for being good.
Reprimands should communicate that the dog is misbehaving, and are best when they also tell the dog what to do instead. You certainly needn’t hurt the dog, but you must communicate that you are upset with them and you mean business.
Smaller dogs can be harder to lure. It may take longer to get going, and you’ll probably want to start by rewarding even small steps in the right direction.
If you want your dog to be interested in training, you have to be enthusiastic and energetic. Children are usually very good at this, except when you put them on the spot.
At higher levels of training you can use a very quiet voice to get a heightened level of attention from your dog. A little whisper voice makes a powerful reward.
When you interrupt a puppy play session with a successful recall, you are challenging the pup with doggy distractions, and then giving hem a huge reward by telling them to go play again.